Physiographic Divisions of India – UPSC Notes
By Swaleha Siddiqui | Mumkin Hai IAS
1. Northern and North-Eastern Mountains
- Himalayas: Divided into Himadri, Himachal, Shiwaliks
- Purvanchal Hills: Patkai, Naga, Mizo, Khasi hills
- Importance: Source of rivers, biodiversity, climate barrier
2. Northern Plains
- Formed by: Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra alluvium
- Subdivisions: Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar, Khadar
- Significance: Fertile land, high population, food production
3. Peninsular Plateau
- Oldest landmass: Formed in Pre-Cambrian era
- Regions: Central Highlands, Deccan Plateau, Chotanagpur Plateau
- Rich in: Minerals, forests, black soil (cotton)
4. Indian Desert
- Thar Desert: Arid, sandy, low rainfall
- River: Luni (seasonal)
- Development: Indira Gandhi Canal, solar energy hub
5. Coastal Plains & Islands
Western & Eastern Coastal Plains:
- Western Coast: Narrow, includes Konkan, Malabar
- Eastern Coast: Wider, includes deltas of Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri
Islands:
- Andaman & Nicobar: Volcanic origin, Barren Island
- Lakshadweep: Coral atolls, flat terrain
UPSC Mains Sample Questions
- Discuss the role of physiographic features in shaping India’s socio-economic development.
- Explain how the physiographic divisions of India influence its climate and biodiversity.
- Describe the distinct characteristics of the Peninsular Plateau and how it differs from the Northern Plains.
© 2025 Mumkin Hai IAS | Compiled by Swaleha Siddiqui
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